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Toronto Catholic District School Board (TCDSB) English first language school board 12 Azerbaijan Baku Azerbaijan. The term "Greater Toronto" was first used in writing as early as the 1900s although at the time the term only referred to the old City of Toronto and its immediate townships and villages which became Metropolitan Toronto in 1954 and became the current city of Toronto in 1998 the use of the term involving the four regional municipalities came into formal use in the mid-1980s after it was used in a widely discussed report on municipal governance restructuring in the region and was later made official as a provincial planning area However it did not come into everyday usage until the mid- to late 1990s In 2006 the term began to be supplanted in the field of spatial planning as provincial policy increasingly began to refer to either the "Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area" (GTHA)[a] or the still-broader "Greater Golden Horseshoe" the latter includes communities like Barrie Guelph Kitchener-Waterloo Cambridge and the Niagara Region the GTA continues however to be in official use elsewhere in the Government of Ontario such as the Ministry of Finance Census metropolitan area, In November 2005 Professor Arne Kislenko won TVOntario's first Best Lecturer Series in 2006 Ryerson University had two professors in the semi-finals for TVO's second Best Lecturer Competition Philosophy professor Dr James Cunningham and radio and television arts professor Dana Lee were semi-finalists in 2006 Greg Inwood professor in the department of Politics and Public Administration was awarded the prestigious Donald Smiley Prize for his book Continentalizing Canada: the Politics and Legacy of the Macdonald Royal Commission Criminal justice history and international relations professor Peter Vronsky published Serial Killers: the Method and Madness of Monsters (2004) a bestselling history of serial homicide and more recently a controversial history of Canada's first modern battle Ridgeway: the American Fenian Invasion and the 1866 Battle That Made Canada (2011) Several factors affect citizens' health in Toronto The city has many opportunities for citizens to be physically active including bike lanes walkways and parks throughout the city Given the cultural diversity of the city there is also great diversity in the foods that citizens can consume which determines their personal nutrition Many foods for example enter the city through the Ontario Food Terminal located on the west side the city is also part of the Toronto Public Health Division and is home to many hospitals Other factors affecting health in the city include air quality in regard to smog Smog alerts are issued by Toronto Public Health when the air quality is poor enough to warrant informing some segments of the public to limit their exposure to the smog such as children the elderly and people with lung diseases or heart conditions the best and worst years for smog in the city within the last five years were respectively 2006 with 11 smog alerts and 2005 with 48 smog alerts Another risk to health for citizens is exposure to crime in the city Toronto has a rate of violent crime of 738 incidents per 100,000 people though this is still lower than the national average of 951 according to 2006 Statistics Canada data and far lower than other cities of comparable size (particularly those in the United States) A vehicle emissions testing program known as Ontario's Drive Clean began in 1999 and has had a minimal impact on smog in Toronto 2005 was Toronto's worst year on record for smog with a total of 48 smog alert days the Ontario Medical Association estimated in 2005 that total air pollution (from all sources) would cause some 5,800 deaths and 17,000 hospital admissions that year.[citation needed]. . Characterized by buildings on small lots (frontages less than 12.5 metres (41 ft)) ranging in height from 2 to 5 storeys These buildings have street-related retail uses at grade and residential uses above Typically they are built to the lot line and span the width of the lot These characteristics produce the familiar retail strip in which there is a continuous wall of retail activity and there is a direct relationship between the main entrance of a store and the public sidewalk The Main Street is the concept of small avenues and store frontages on busy roads which maintain the vitality of communities and the continuity of the streetscape Shopping centres, Abdoulaye Mar Dieye (Senegal) for Bureau for Programme and Policy Support; .