. ! An 1824 land deed for Upper Canada, Toronto Ontario Canada Business directory. . Former City of North York Designed by Eberhard Zeidler the Eaton Centre represented one of North America's first downtown shopping malls it was designed as a multi-levelled vaulted glass-ceiling galleria modelled after the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan Italy At the time of its opening in 1977 the interior design of the Eaton Centre was considered quite revolutionary and influenced shopping centre architecture throughout North America Plans originally called for the demolition of Old City Hall and the Church of the Holy Trinity but these were eventually dropped after a public outcry Ultimately Louisa Street Downey's Lane and Albert Lane were closed and disappeared from the city street grid to make way for the new office and retail complex Since the 2010s the Eaton Centre is the most visited tourist attraction in Toronto and the most visited shopping mall in North America Large sprawling retail centres are common in suburban Toronto Of the more notable such centres is Yorkdale Shopping Centre which opened in 1964 as one of the largest malls in the world the mall was constructed with a novel system for its retailers to receive merchandise Most shopping centres have their receiving doors located at the back side while Yorkdale was constructed with a one-way two-laned road for trucks running beneath the centre that leads directly to retailers' basement storages Other large shopping malls in Toronto include Scarborough Town Centre Fairview Mall and Sherway Gardens Institutional architecture. Sculpture at top of Scarborough Bluffs, New Brunswick's climate is more severe than that of the other Maritime provinces which are lower and have more shoreline along the moderating sea New Brunswick has a humid continental climate with slightly milder winters on the Gulf of St Lawrence coastline Elevated parts of the far north of the province have a subarctic climate Evidence of climate change in New Brunswick includes: more intense precipitation events more frequent winter thaws and one quarter to half the amount of snowpack. Today the sea level is about 30 cm higher than it was 100 years ago and it is expected to rise twice that much again by the year 2100 Flora and fauna, Lake Ontario is the easternmost of the Great Lakes and the smallest in surface area (7,340 sq mi 18,960 km2), although it exceeds Lake Erie in volume (393 cu mi 1,639 km3) It is the 13th largest lake in the world When its islands are included the lake's shoreline is 712 miles (1,146 km) long As the last lake in the Great Lakes' hydrologic chain Lake Ontario has the lowest mean surface elevation of the lakes at 243 feet (74 m) above sea level; 326 feet (99 m) lower than its neighbor upstream Its maximum length is 193 statute miles (311 kilometres; 168 nautical miles) and its maximum width is 53 statute miles (85 km; 46 nmi) the lake's average depth is 47 fathoms 1 foot (283 ft; 86 m) with a maximum depth of 133 fathoms 4 feet (802 ft; 244 m) the lake's primary source is the Niagara River draining Lake Erie with the St Lawrence River serving as the outlet the drainage basin covers 24,720 square miles (64,030 km2) as with all the Great Lakes water levels change both within the year (owing to seasonal changes in water input) and among years (owing to longer term trends in precipitation) These water level fluctuations are an integral part of lake ecology and produce and maintain extensive wetlands the lake also has an important freshwater fishery although it has been negatively affected by factors including over-fishing water pollution and invasive species Baymouth bars built by prevailing winds and currents have created a significant number of lagoons and sheltered harbors mostly near (but not limited to) Prince Edward County Ontario and the easternmost shores Perhaps the best-known example is Toronto Bay chosen as the site of the Upper Canada (Ontario) capital for its strategic harbour Other prominent examples include Hamilton Harbour Irondequoit Bay Presqu'ile Bay and Sodus Bay the bars themselves are the sites of long beaches such as Sandbanks Provincial Park and Sandy Island Beach State Park These sand bars are often associated with large wetlands which support large numbers of plant and animal species as well as providing important rest areas for migratory birds. Presqu'ile on the north shore of Lake Ontario is particularly significant in this regard One unique feature of the lake is the Z-shaped Bay of Quinte which separates Prince Edward County from the Ontario mainland save for a 2-mile (3.2 km) isthmus near Trenton; this feature also supports many wetlands and aquatic plants as well as associated fisheries Major rivers draining into Lake Ontario include the Niagara River Don River Humber River Trent River Cataraqui River Genesee River Oswego River Black River Little Salmon River and the Salmon River Geology; . !
. . ! ; In 2001 Toronto finished second to Beijing in voting by the International Olympic Committee for the host city of the 2008 Summer Olympics Toronto's bid to host the games failed after mayor Mel Lastman while on a visit to Kenya in order to gain support from African Olympic delegates shocked and insulted his hosts when he said "Why the hell would I want to go to a place like Mombasa? I just see myself in a pot of boiling water with all these natives dancing around me.". ! . Attendance Population figures are from the 2016 census The municipal government of Toronto corporately known as the City of Toronto is a public corporation providing services to Toronto Ontario Canada It is administered by 25 elected councillors (representing around 96,800 people each) who along with the Mayor of Toronto make up the Toronto City Council Torontonians elect a new council every four years in October Contents.
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