Asian Civilisations Museum

. N The City of Toronto is legally bound by the City of Toronto Act an Ontario law it lays down the division of powers responsibilities and required duties of the corporation the City Council is the only power able to enact Toronto laws known as "by-laws" which govern the actions of the corporation and/or matters within its jurisdiction such as administration of the Canadian Criminal Code within its borders the Council itself forms several committees after every election to divide the administration of the corporation The Council also forms several "Community Councils" which hear matters relating to narrower district issues such as building permits and developments requiring changes to zoning by-laws Community Council decisions as well as those of the Mayor must be approved by City Council at regular sessions The top civil servant in the corporation is the City Manager who reports to the Mayor and City Council Prior to 2005 the city had various departments headed by Commissioners These heads were simplified by replacing the departments with divisions each headed by a Deputy Manager All department heads now report to the City Manager The following senior staff report to the City Manager:. As of January 24 2019 The Rideau Canal in Ottawa Ontario Canada with Parliament Hill and the old "Union Station" visible in the background Main articles: First Welland Canal Rideau Canal and Desjardins Canal! . .

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Satellite image of Toronto and surrounding area Urban area's of the city are interrupted by the Toronto ravine system The city is mostly flat or gentle hills and the land gently slopes upward away from the lake the flat land is interrupted by the Toronto ravine system which is cut by numerous creeks and rivers of the Toronto waterway system most notably the Humber River in the west end and the Don River east of downtown at opposite ends of Toronto Harbour and the Rouge River at the city's eastern limits Most of the ravines and valley lands in Toronto today are parklands and recreational trails are laid out along the ravines and valleys the original town was laid out in a grid plan on the flat plain north of the harbour and this plan was extended outwards as the city grew the width and depth of several of the ravines and valleys are such that several grid streets such as Finch Avenue Leslie Street Lawrence Avenue and St Clair Avenue terminate on one side of a ravine or valley and continue on the other side Toronto has many bridges spanning the ravines Large bridges such as the Prince Edward Viaduct were built to span wide river valleys Despite its deep ravines Toronto is not remarkably hilly but its elevation does increase steadily away from the lake Elevation differences range from 76.5 metres (251 ft) above sea level at the Lake Ontario shore to 209 m (686 ft) ASL near the York University grounds in the city's north end at the intersection of Keele Street and Steeles Avenue. There are occasional hilly areas; in particular midtown Toronto has a number of sharply sloping hills Lake Ontario remains occasionally visible from the peaks of these ridges as far north as Eglinton Avenue 7 to 8 kilometres (4.3 to 5.0 mi) inland The Scarborough Bluffs is an escarpment along the eastern portion of the Toronto waterfront which formed during the last glacial period The other major geographical feature of Toronto is its escarpments During the last ice age the lower part of Toronto was beneath Glacial Lake Iroquois Today a series of escarpments mark the lake's former boundary known as the "Iroquois Shoreline" the escarpments are most prominent from Victoria Park Avenue to the mouth of Highland Creek where they form the Scarborough Bluffs Other observable sections include the area near St Clair Avenue West between Bathurst Street and the Don River and north of Davenport Road from Caledonia to Spadina Road; the Casa Loma grounds sit above this escarpment The geography of the lakeshore is greatly changed since the first settlement of Toronto Much of the land on the north shore of the harbour is landfill filled in during the late 19th century Until then the lakefront docks (then known as wharves) were set back farther inland than today Much of the adjacent Port Lands on the east side of the harbour was a wetland filled in early in the 20th century the shoreline from the harbour west to the Humber River has been extended into the lake Further west landfill has been used to create extensions of land such as Humber Bay Park The Toronto Islands were a natural peninsula until a storm in 1858 severed their connection to the mainland, creating a channel to the harbour the peninsula was formed by longshore drift taking the sediments deposited along the Scarborough Bluffs shore and transporting them to the Islands area the other source of sediment for the Port Lands wetland and the peninsula was the deposition of the Don River which carved a wide valley through the sedimentary land of Toronto and deposited it in the shallow harbour the harbour and the channel of the Don River have been dredged numerous times for shipping the lower section of the Don River was straightened and channelled in the 19th century the former mouth drained into a wetland; today the Don drains into the harbour through a concrete waterway the Keating Channel Climate, 3.2 European contact There are also a number of private career colleges spread throughout the Greater Toronto Area The Province of Upper Canada (French: province du Haut-Canada) was a part of British Canada established in 1791 by the Kingdom of Great Britain to govern the central third of the lands in British North America formerly part of the Province of Quebec since 1763 Upper Canada included all of modern-day Southern Ontario and all those areas of Northern Ontario in the Pays d'en Haut which had formed part of New France essentially the watersheds of the Ottawa River or Lakes Huron and Superior excluding any lands within the watershed of Hudson Bay the "upper" prefix in the name reflects its geographic position along the Great Lakes mostly above the headwaters of the Saint Lawrence River contrasted with Lower Canada (present-day Quebec) to the northeast It was the primary destination of Loyalist refugees and settlers from the United States after the American Revolution who often were granted land to settle in Upper Canada the province was characterized by its British way of life including bicameral parliament and separate civil and criminal law rather than mixed as in Lower Canada or elsewhere in the British Empire the division was created to ensure the exercise of the same rights and privileges enjoyed by loyal subjects elsewhere in the North American colonies in 1812 war broke out between Great Britain and the United States leading to several battles in Upper Canada the US had hoped to capture Upper Canada but the war ended with the situation unchanged The government of the colony came to be dominated by a small group of persons known as the "Family Compact" who held most of the top positions in the Legislative Council and appointed officials in 1837 an unsuccessful rebellion attempted to overthrow the undemocratic system Representative government would be established in the 1840s Upper Canada existed from its establishment on 26 December 1791 to 10 February 1841 when it was united with adjacent Lower Canada to form the Province of Canada Contents, Energy Rouge Tract Claim or Gunshot Treaty - covering most of Markham Stouffville and Scarborough. .