Name Tenure Susan McDade (Denmark) for Bureau of Management; 11 Forward Jon Bakero (on loan to Phoenix Rising) Spain. Furbish's lousewort is a herb endemic to the shores of the upper Saint John River Most of New Brunswick is forested with secondary forest or tertiary forest At the start of European settlement the Maritimes were covered from coast to coast by a forest of mature trees giants by today's standards Today less than one per cent of old-growth Acadian forest remains, and the World Wide Fund for Nature lists the Acadian Forest as endangered. Following the frequent large scale disturbances caused by settlement and timber harvesting the Acadian forest is not growing back as it was but is subject to borealization This means that exposure-resistant species that are well adapted to the frequent large scale disturbances common in the boreal forest are increasingly abundant These include jack pine balsam fir black spruce white birch and poplar. Forest ecosystems support large carnivores such as the bobcat Canada lynx and black bear and the large herbivores moose and white-tailed deer Fiddlehead greens are harvested from the Ostrich fern which grows on riverbanks Furbish's lousewort a perennial herb endemic to the shores of the upper Saint John River is an endangered species threatened by habitat destruction riverside development forestry littering and recreational use of the riverbank. Many wetlands are being disrupted by the highly invasive Introduced species purple loosestrife Geology. ; 6 Philanthropy 5 References, 2018 The Rideau Canal in Ottawa Ontario Canada with Parliament Hill and the old "Union Station" visible in the background Main articles: First Welland Canal Rideau Canal and Desjardins Canal, Post-secondary education 5 Institutional architecture. Total population (2016) 9,245,438 100% 5.4 Houses of worship 8.1 Songs and slogans, Toronto was originally a term that referred to a indeterminate geographical location having been used on maps dating to the late 17th and early 18th century to refer to the approximate area that includes the present City of Toronto As the name was used to refer to the approximate area several historic settlements adjacent to the City of Toronto have also carried the name Toronto including Toronto Township and Toronto Gore Eventually the name was anchored to the mouth of the Humber River which is where the present City of Toronto is situated the bay serves as the end of the Toronto Carrying-Place Trail portage route from Georgian Bay There are several explanations for the source and meaning of the name "Toronto" One claim is that the origin is the Seneca word Giyando meaning "on the other side" which was the place where the Humber River narrows at the foot of the pass to the village of Teiaiagon Another is that the term is from the Mohawk word tkaronto meaning "where there are trees standing in the water" which originally referred to the Narrows near present-day Orillia where Hurons and other groups drove stakes into the water to create fish weirs French maps from the 1680s to 1760s identify present-day Lake Simcoe as Lac de Taronto the spelling changed to Toronto during the 18th century and the term gradually came to refer to a large region that included the location of the present-day city of Toronto As the portage route grew in use the name became more widely used and was eventually attached to a French trading fort just inland from Lake Ontario on the Humber Confusion over the origin of the name can be attributed to the succession of First Nations peoples who lived in the area including the Neutral Seneca Mohawk Cayuga and Wendat nations From August 1793 to March 1834 the settlement was known as York sharing the same name as the county it was situated in the settlement was renamed when Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe called for the town to be named after the Prince Frederick Duke of York and Albany to differentiate from York in England and New York City the town was known as "Little York" in 1804 settler Angus MacDonald petitioned the Parliament of Upper Canada to restore the original name of the area but this was rejected the town changed its name back to Toronto when it was incorporated into a city Early history. . . Lake Ontario is the easternmost of the Great Lakes and the smallest in surface area (7,340 sq mi 18,960 km2), although it exceeds Lake Erie in volume (393 cu mi 1,639 km3) It is the 13th largest lake in the world When its islands are included the lake's shoreline is 712 miles (1,146 km) long As the last lake in the Great Lakes' hydrologic chain Lake Ontario has the lowest mean surface elevation of the lakes at 243 feet (74 m) above sea level; 326 feet (99 m) lower than its neighbor upstream Its maximum length is 193 statute miles (311 kilometres; 168 nautical miles) and its maximum width is 53 statute miles (85 km; 46 nmi) the lake's average depth is 47 fathoms 1 foot (283 ft; 86 m) with a maximum depth of 133 fathoms 4 feet (802 ft; 244 m) the lake's primary source is the Niagara River draining Lake Erie with the St Lawrence River serving as the outlet the drainage basin covers 24,720 square miles (64,030 km2) as with all the Great Lakes water levels change both within the year (owing to seasonal changes in water input) and among years (owing to longer term trends in precipitation) These water level fluctuations are an integral part of lake ecology and produce and maintain extensive wetlands the lake also has an important freshwater fishery although it has been negatively affected by factors including over-fishing water pollution and invasive species Baymouth bars built by prevailing winds and currents have created a significant number of lagoons and sheltered harbors mostly near (but not limited to) Prince Edward County Ontario and the easternmost shores Perhaps the best-known example is Toronto Bay chosen as the site of the Upper Canada (Ontario) capital for its strategic harbour Other prominent examples include Hamilton Harbour Irondequoit Bay Presqu'ile Bay and Sodus Bay the bars themselves are the sites of long beaches such as Sandbanks Provincial Park and Sandy Island Beach State Park These sand bars are often associated with large wetlands which support large numbers of plant and animal species as well as providing important rest areas for migratory birds. Presqu'ile on the north shore of Lake Ontario is particularly significant in this regard One unique feature of the lake is the Z-shaped Bay of Quinte which separates Prince Edward County from the Ontario mainland save for a 2-mile (3.2 km) isthmus near Trenton; this feature also supports many wetlands and aquatic plants as well as associated fisheries Major rivers draining into Lake Ontario include the Niagara River Don River Humber River Trent River Cataraqui River Genesee River Oswego River Black River Little Salmon River and the Salmon River Geology.
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